How similar are C# and TypeScript?

C# and TypeScript share a common foundation, as both belong to the C-family of languages and were shaped by Anders Hejlsberg, the architect behind both. Their object-oriented programming (OOP) principles, syntax, and async capabilities make transitioning between them seamless for developers.

Both languages use curly braces {} and semicolons ;, support classes, interfaces, and modern programming features like async/await, lambda expressions (=>), and nullability operators (?, !, ??). This shared structure allows developers familiar with C# to adopt TypeScript easily and vice versa.

Key Similarities Between C# and TypeScript

✅ Syntax & Control Structures → Both use C-like syntax with control structures like if, else, switch, for, while, and do-while loops.
✅ Classes & Interfaces → Both follow OOP principles, including inheritance, encapsulation, and access modifiers (public, private).
✅ Asynchronous Programming → Both support async/await for handling asynchronous tasks efficiently.
✅ Nullability Handling → Both provide null safety mechanisms, including optional chaining (?), null-coalescing (??), and non-null assertion (!).

Key Differences: C# vs. TypeScript

While they share a similar syntax, C# and TypeScript differ significantly in their type systems, execution models, and primary use cases.

Static vs. Flexible Typing

• C# → Statically typed with strong compile-time type checking.

• TypeScript → Structurally typed, allowing union types and type inference, making it more flexible.

Compilation & Execution

• C# → Compiles into Common Intermediate Language (CIL) and runs in the .NET runtime.

• TypeScript → Compiles to JavaScript, running in browsers or Node.js environments.

Decorators & Metadata

• TypeScript → Supports decorators, widely used in Angular and other frameworks.

• C# → Uses attributes instead, which serve a similar purpose for metadata handling.

Use Cases

• C# → Ideal for backend development, enterprise applications, and game development (Unity).

• TypeScript → Dominates frontend web development, enhancing JavaScript’s maintainability and scalability.